Youkoso Jitsuryoku Shijou Shugi no Kyoushitsu e - .December 2020: 2020 was off to a good start, and then…
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In the beginning Suzune also had a rather curious view on friendship in that she did not see a need for it in the beginning. As a result of her ice queen like personality Suzune in the beginning was seen by many within the class as something akin to an oddball and not widely trusted by her classmates.
Indeed, at this point in time she was also the same as well as she regarded friendship and bonds with something akin to disdain. Though reluctant at first Suzune gradually becomes friendlier to others but still keeps a certain distance from others. Though still dismissive about friendships Suzune begins to understand that friendship and unity within the class will be important if they were to endure within the school and starts to care more about her classmates advising and helping them when needed until she is satisfied that they are safe.
While still quiet and preferring to stay logical Suzune is shown to be a very determined person that also has great conviction and is not the type of person that will back down from arguments especially when engaged in arguments with others.
Suzune is also shown to have very good decision making and analytic skills that when combined with her excellent perception skills make her formidable in defending the class in meetings.
Within the series this acts as the main focus for the relationship that Suzune has with Kiyotaka which is also one of the main parts of the shows story. Though their relationship started off rather poorly over the course of the series their relationship gradually improved and Kiyotaka become one of the few people that Suzune trusted. As a character, I felt that Suzune was a well-designed character that showed some excellent character development as the series went on and in the process becoming one of my favourite characters.
The gradual change from an ice queen to someone that stood as one of the best defenders of Class D I thought was a change that was well designed.
I felt that her seiyuu Akari Kito really did an excellent job portraying the character of Suzune in one of her first main roles. A considerate and understanding person Kikyou has a very direct personality and seems to be someone that values friendship and bonds quite highly as she cares a great deal about each one of her friends deeply. Underneath the angle like personality that she presents to outsiders Kikyou surprisingly has another personality that is radically different to her surface one.
Perhaps more so than in her default personality Kikyou seems to be in great fear of being isolated and being lonely.
The character of Kikyou Kushida I felt was an interesting character that while supportive of the main characters and to the class emphasized one of the main themes of this anime quite well.
The theme being that everyone wears a mask in society. The contrast in her personality I felt was interesting as was her relationship with Kiyotaka. I felt that her seiyuu Yurika Kubo did an excellent job in portraying her.
Despite being from another class though Honami bears none of the malice and hatred that other students in the school have towards class D and instead treats them equally and with respect. Kind, caring Honami is someone that seems to wear her heart on her sleeve being kind and caring towards everyone that she meets regardless of whether they belong to her class or to others.
Though a rule bound person by nature Honami is also shown to be flexible with rules and will happily bend them if it means that she can help someone in need. Honami I felt was an interesting character in that unlike the rest of the cast she did not seem to have a mask and her base personality appears to be genuine. Her attempts to help the members of class D with their plans I felt was a good indication of cooperation that can take place between classes.
Nao Touyama I felt did an excellent job in her portrayal of Honami. Though kind and well-mannered in the beginning of the series Airi wrestled with the distinct problem of having low self-esteem which made her jittery and prone to becoming nervous when people talk to her which manifested in her attempts to defend her personal space rather determinedly.
The decision to use a model as an alternate side to her personality I felt was a good move as models in addition to showcasing products can also serve to help other people by their modelling as well. I felt that Mao Ichimichi did an excellent job in portraying the character of Airi. The uniform designs for the school I felt were also well designed and looked pretty smart as well. Character design I felt was also pretty good with each character being unique and well designed.
In terms of animation I felt that animation was clear and beautifully detailed. In terms of music I felt that the series had a pretty good opening and ending themes with the ending being particularly strong.
Overall conclusion Overall Youkoso was an interesting anime that had as its main strengths an interesting premise, story, characters and the underlying themes of society that it tries to address. The main premise of this show is of course the prestigious high school that the main characters attend in the story. To reinforce this system the anime makes use of an interesting system that serve to underline the central purpose of this school.
The system is an interesting concept in itself in that it acts both as a central resource for the everyday needs of the students but also an objective for the students for failure to do well in the school will see the number of points that they gain every month lessen. One of the series main themes is that of equality which is best shown in not just the division of students into classes but also in the number of masks that characters must adapt as part of their personalities to exist in society.
When combined with the personalities of characters that appear to be kind and unassuming on the surface the masks aspect works well to add more depth to the characters.
This aspect of the anime itself I felt was pretty interesting. While the struggles between the classes served to highlight the differences in status between the classes with lower letter ones being superior to the higher letter ones and best seen in the disdain that class A and C members have for class D.
The overall story for the series also plays a part in dealing with the theme of equality in that it pits the members of class D widely regarded by the school as outcasts against a school who is determined to make things difficult for them. This struggle against great odds by a class of misfits that make use of a variety of tactics to even the field to give them a better chance of victory I felt only serves to make this anime that much interesting.
Watching Kiyotaka and Suzune work together to counter the plans of the other classes and the school sure was fun to watch. Overall Youkoso was an interesting anime that had not just an interesting premise and a great story but also great characters that it used to tackle a number of interesting themes that are really relevant in society and in terms of final score I think it definitely deserves a 10 in my books.
More reviews by Shingster I'm not claiming to be a veteran when it comes to watching anime, but I've seen enough where viewing shows with a typical high school setting just doesn't cut it for me anymore. Of course a lot of the shows in this genre come with a twist or two, and Classroom of the Elite is no exception. However just because an anime uses the classic school life formula doesn't mean that it will be successful. While it's true that some shows are able to effectively pull off the school life setting, lesser anime, like Classroom of the Elite, fail right from the get go.
Episode one dives right into explaining the setting and sets up the general story of the anime. Viewers learn that the school in which the characters are attending is a special academy where students are divided into four classes based off of skill and other criteria that is never really discussed you'll soon learn that the lack of a proper explanation for things is a reoccurring theme with this anime.
Unsurprisingly, the two protagonists, Kiyotaka Ayanokouji and Suzune Horikita, are put in class D, the lowest ranking class. The story is supposed to be about their rise from the bottom to the top of the academy's hierarchy, but there's one major problem; They make relatively no progress toward achieving this goal throughout the course of the anime. Before I go into more detail on this, let me explain an unique plot element that the author introduced for the anime: a point system.
These points are given to students and represent multiple things, including currency and class ranking. The students lose points for bad grades, behavior, etcetera and earn them by achieving various things, many of which are unexplained. Points are allocated after each month, and one of the first twists in the anime is that class D failed to earn any points after their first month at school pfft.
What losers , thus throwing them into a state of turmoil. Now this system could have been used in so many ways that would have easily benefited the plot of the anime. However the distribution of these points is so convoluted and rarely touched upon that in the latter portion of the anime I felt like their importance completely vanished. Characters would just go up to a chart and say things like "Oh look, our class has X points and the others have Y points.
The few exceptions are when Ayanokouji actually uses the points in an inventive manner to do things like purchase old test answers and boost the grade of a classmate's exam. Unfortunately, the point system wasn't nearly as explored as it should have been, and it failed to reach its full potential.
Remember when I said that the goal in this anime at least from what I could discern was for the core cast to strive to become the best in the school? While its true that class D with the exception of Ayanokouji at first desperately want to rise to the top, we rarely see anything significant done by them in order to achieve this goal. At one point Horikita gave a commanding speech in which she warned the other classes to look out for class D.
From my perspective, this was just an empty threat. In fact, more often then not, the anime showcases the members of class D struggling to simply earn any points at all much less hoping to compete against their rivals. In pics Water crisis looms for eastern Ukrainian city of Sloviansk. Agniveer recruitment for female candidates from November 1.
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Reliable and very secure with a good interest rate. The property is about 12 minutes drive from For this purpose, the German government has earmarked …nothing. Leaders had another chance to set a decisive path forward at the UN Climate Change conference in Madrid last month. To encourage delegates to take action, there was another major climate strike on Nov.
Once again, however, only half-hearted declarations of intent were drawn up and the much-needed drastic changes in our resource-consuming economic system were neglected. So the groups working against climate change will probably have to continue striking. Because there is no alternative, even if many people may still hope for a miracle. The negative signs of global warming are already clearly visible.
Renewable energy will play a major role in the sector; this is now the broad consensus. To this end, the obstacles that currently hinder their use outside the government-sponsored framework must be quickly removed. These include bureaucratic hurdles in the implementation of tenant electricity models and citizen energy systems, excessively high grid transmission fees, and taxes.
Nearly all major manufacturers have converted to purely monocrystalline. Price levels will at best continue to decline slightly — that is, apart from inventory clearance or emergency sales. The end of the downward price spiral seems to have been reached, at least for silicon products, due to more efficient production technologies, and above all economies of scale. This is shown in the graphs in the pvXchange price index, which have been moving sideways for months.
The elimination of foundations anchored in the seabed allows the development of new offshore areas and the expansion of wind turbines beyond the 10 MW capacity limit. Nevertheless, hope remains that the new distance regulation for onshore wind turbines in Germany will be reconsidered. These turbines help to avoid oversized and expensive power lines, which have similar public acceptance problems as large modern wind turbines. The involvement and financial participation of local residents is an effective means of improving acceptance.
In this area, we can look forward to more new ideas and innovative models in the future. The climate crisis cannot be tackled by individuals; it has to be a group effort. To hear our policymakers talk, the energy transition — an unprecedented, radical and rapid transformation of our energy and economic systems — is now in full swing.
But reality paints a completely different picture. Even for the big energy companies, which once leaned on the brakes in the face of change, the current pace of the federal government has become too sluggish.
The utilities have started to set the pace for change to prepare quickly for a future in which emissions-free energy will be generated exclusively from renewable sources. With or without climate targets, for the utilities it is a matter of developing a survival strategy in a disruptive market.
At the end of , we can look back on a year of public protest in the form of climate strikes and roadblocks, which began with Greta Thunberg in Sweden and have now spread across the globe. Young people are no longer standing idly by and watching as policymakers and businesspeople frivolously jeopardize their futures by continually adhering to conventional energy sources and mobility concepts.
But how did the solar industry actually fare in this year of upheaval? December The final months of last year were initially marked by a sharp drop in module prices, triggered on the one hand by cuts to subsidy programs announced in China, and on the other by the elimination of the minimum import price MIP in Europe. After five years of market regulation, which the European Commission believed could counter price dumping by Chinese manufacturers and save the domestic solar industry, it was finally over in September But the success of these measures was limited —scarcely any local manufacturers had survived the competition.
The resulting market turmoil subsided somewhat after the cuts were finally passed in a more moderate form. Overall, the fourth quarter of and the first quarter of saw a rapid increase in installed PV capacity in Germany.
Meanwhile, the United Nations Climate Change Conference kicked off in Katowice, Poland, with lots of hot air and half-hearted promises, instead of finally sending a clear signal about a more rapid restructuring of economic and energy systems.
But then came the ray of hope: Greta Thunberg, then only 15, from Sweden, captured the attention of the world for the first time with an impressive, emotional speech to delegates from all over the world. Regulatory hurdles and contractual challenges for supply agreements in the form of PPAs were formidable, with the result that only a few in the large-scale plant segment dared to address the issue at all.
This improved somewhat at the end of , when contractual arrangements were standardized and more and more unsubsidized plants were built in Germany. March Module manufacturer Hanwha Q Cells filed lawsuits against three of its competitors — REC Group, JinkoSolar and Longi Solar — on several continents for alleged infringements of existing patents on its cell technologies.
Q Cells was certainly a pioneer in the use of PERC technology, but the counterparties rejected the accusation out of hand and insisted they had developed this technology themselves and were using it lawfully. The patent lawsuit has not yet been decided, but the outlook is not very promising. An interim report on the patent review in the United States has confirmed non-infringement of the most important of the patents under discussion.
April Since the beginning of the year, schoolchildren and college students around the world had been taking to the streets on Fridays to protest the inaction of the political establishment, or rather the whole generation of their parents and grandparents.
Young people no longer wanted to accept that their future — or, more precisely, their chance of a decent life on this planet — was being endangered in such a frivolous way. Not only was this frivolous, but also ignorant, since the facts about the causes and effects of the progressive destruction of the environment have been known for decades.
Yet, apart from declarations of intent, nothing decisive has been set in motion in the right direction. Public surveys have shown, for example, that the resulting increase in the cost of flights or car journeys would not be sufficient to force anyone to change their behavior. After some short-term price drops at the end of the third quarter to quickly draw down inventories and make room for new goods, the market is now largely back on track.
The prices across all panel types have stabilized — only the prices for high-efficiency and bifacial products have seen a slight uptick, but this can also be attributed to natural fluctuations in the spot market.
Also, just last month I changed the performance classes I am tracking, and thus the boundaries between low-cost, mainstream and high-efficiency products — the result being that the slightly cheaper modules with W were excluded from the average price of the latter class. The cutoff for high-efficiency modules is now W, and for mainstream modules, W. So what are we lacking in this now saturated market? Thanks to the Fridays-for-Future movement, there is broad-based support among the population for the exclusive use of renewable energy in the near future and a public willingness in principle to invest in renewables — by installing private PV plants, for example.
So, the future of the photovoltaic industry looks secure — everything is fine, right? Unfortunately, there is one big catch: the shortage of skilled workers. At the beginning of the current decade, everything was still running smoothly; the trades were growing and thriving and training new employees. Companies in the traditional electrical engineering sector shifted to PV plant design and construction, and many hundreds of thousands of workers had a place in the renewable energy sector.
But then came the great slash-and-burn campaign. In several stages, the Renewable Energy Act in Germany and incentives in many other European countries were curtailed and downgraded to such an extent that the building of new plants simply became unattractive and the markets tanked. There was mass migration of skilled workers looking for new fields of work that were safe from the whims of policymakers.
The few companies that have remained loyal to the industry despite all this are now desperately trying to cope with the growing workload with much smaller teams. Some companies that have recovered are trying to win back their former employees — experienced planners and installers — through attractive working conditions and salaries. But other companies from less turbulent industries are paying better, and the jobs in those fields are presumably safer.
In Germany at least, there is a major shortage of workers and professionals in the PV sector, with many orders for installations not accepted at all. According to surveys by the startup www. Most installation companies are no longer even accepting smaller end-customer orders for this year.
This installation bottleneck has prompted fears that climate targets in the electricity sector could not be achieved at all. In other European countries, the situation is not much better. Places like Spain and the UK, which have essentially been large-scale markets in the past, are completely lacking the expertise for small installations with storage and optimization for onsite consumption.
In France, after a long dry spell, demand for small systems is now brisk again, albeit with exactly the same problems as in Germany. Only in markets such as Italy and southeastern Europe do there seem to be skilled workers, but there is no need for them due to the lack of a functioning market. So what needs to be done to improve the situation?
Market players need to look after the next generation by training new specialists themselves. To this end, educational initiatives and other government support — such as tax relief and reductions in social security contributions for companies that provide training — would be helpful.
But these measures can only be effective over the longer term. In order to overcome the bottleneck in the short term, installion. By specifically attracting electricians from other sectors, the young company claims that it already supports a double-digit number of utilities, manufacturers, wholesalers and large installation companies in the structured acquisition of installers. This offers some hope that in the future there will be fewer promising photovoltaic projects that never leave the drawing board due to a lack of personnel to build them.
Martin Schachinger, pvXchange. At Intersolar Europe , held earlier this year in Munich, exhibits of this kind could be found at the booths of nearly every major module manufacturer. C ompanies have outdone themselves with the amount of output the front side of PV modules can deliver. W i th W on the front side, for instance, manfacturers can add as much as W of additional output to the back, so that modules from companies like Longi Solar and Trina Solar promise to deliver significantly more than W.
The reality does not look quite so promising, however. Demand for this module technology, and thus the actual extent of its use, is still very limited, at least in Central Europe. Nevertheless, dealers and manufacturers are currently offering more and more products on short notice that can be purchased at least in small to medium quantities. Increasing supply at the beginning of the year prompted me to include bifacial modules in my analysis and later in the index.
It should be noted that the type and design of the products analyzed can vary greatly. In addition to glass-glass modules — with or without frames — some manufacturers also offer glass-film modules, which means the manufacturing costs and thus the selling price can vary considerably. As with all price points in the index, the price shown is an average of all brands and supply chain levels. Overall, prices have remained largely stable across all technologies over the past month.
Only mainstream modules continued on a downward trend. As a result, larger inventories were dumped on the market on short notice at special prices, which then put pressure on the competition. The stock clearance operation essentially concerned only modules in the lower output classes of each category.
But back to bifacial. Demand is still quite low, mainly due to a lack of experience with the technology, and thus the absence of concrete applications. Experts still cannot agree on standardized data and test procedures, which puts planners at the mercy of manufacturer forecasts regarding the potential increase in performance under certain conditions. According to certified test procedures, only front side performance can be measured and indicated, even though many test labs have been developing new procedures for some time.
In addition, simulations are greatly influenced by correctly determined environmental data. Some of the larger EPCs therefore first set up small test systems to determine the necessary parameters, in comparison with conventional installations, and then calculate a more reliable estimate.
There is no real comparability, even between products of different designs within this category, and the profitability of bifacial projects is still uncertain. Additional yield can only be achieved by optimizing the support structure, so the module backs are completely free of shading, and by increasing the reflectivity of the surface beneath the panels.
However, demand for bifacial products is already much higher in some parts of the Middle East, as well as in Asia — that is, everywhere where large ground-mounted plants are built in desert-like regions.
Tracked systems in particular allow the modules to capitalize on all their advantages. The United States is also an attractive market, as bifacial solar modules are exempt from existing punitive tariffs.
Only here in Central Europe will it probably take some time for bifacial modules to gain a foothold. Although small- to medium-sized roof systems are increasingly equipped with highly efficient panels, bifacial has yet to find a way into this market. This month, Martin Schachinger of pvXchange homes in on the German market to show what consequences unwise action — or rather, inaction — by the federal government could have for the further, urgently needed expansion of photovoltaics. If this is extrapolated — taking into account the current rate of build-out — the upper limit for systems up to kW that are eligible for EEG funding will be reached by summer Module prices have scarcely changed over the past month.
Despite tightening supplies — especially for modules in the lower output range — all prices, with the exception of those for all-black modules, fell slightly.
The summer lull could exacerbate this trend, but the euro exchange rate is also working to counteract it. Exchange-rate losses would make products manufactured in Asia and traded in U. This means in absolute terms that the module sector can be said to have seen slight price reductions over the past few months; we just have yet to notice them here in Europe.
However, this sideways movement in prices will not last long, as the market is currently recovering — both in Germany and around the world. A number of community and industry organizations, such as the German Solar Industry Association BSW , have been calling on the federal government to remove the 52 GW cap from the EEG, pointing to lower electricity production costs, as well as the looming failure to meet climate targets.
Krannich Solar asked them to send in their own statements, accompanied by a logo. All were put on cardboard lids, which were then sent to government representatives in Berlin, with all of the individually written reasons for abolishing the cap. These activities are slowly having an effect, but there is still disagreement on the right course of action.
Debates are underway in the committees on how to proceed with the expansion of PV and wind power. The fixed upper limit, which — according to current legislation — would abruptly cut off incentives once reached, could have a negative impact on investment decisions related to PV systems. For cost-effectiveness reasons, once the statutory feed-in tariffs have run out, the installation of new plants will be limited solely to systems installed to cover on-site requirements.
As a result, the market for roof-mounted systems would decline dramatically. The cap therefore must be abolished — quickly. However, at the conclusion of a recent meeting, the state politicians failed to specify a concrete procedure for achieving this. I have previously expressed doubts as to whether PV systems without EEG subsidies would be cost-effective in view of the current energy market structures and the many legal hurdles on existing buildings, especially for smaller plants.
Without a government-backed compensation scheme it would be a stretch to finance medium- to large-sized plants. What alternatives can financial service providers expect from their customers that can match a legally guaranteed feed-in tariff? So, if the cap is not lifted immediately, we will face the threat of a run on the last 4 GW eligible for incentives.
It will be the worst kind of expansion with all the usual negatives: last-minute panic, acceleration of installations with scarce resources — manpower and materials — and the result will be higher prices and lower quality. I therefore emphatically urge all players, both inside and outside of the PV sector, who are serious about the energy transition and a resolute approach to climate change to join one of the many campaigns and petitions in the call to scrap the 52 GW PV cap.
Overview of the price points broken down by technology in August with changes over the previous month as of 19 August :. Module types with black backsheets, black frames and rated power between and Wp. Modules typically with 60 cells, standard aluminum frames, white backsheets and to Wp — this represents most modules on the market.
Factory seconds, insolvency goods, used or low-output modules crystalline and prod ucts with limited or no warranty. Notes : Only tax-free prices for PV modules are shown, with stated prices reflecting average prices on the European spot market customs cleared Source : pvXchange.
Indications and rumors are mounting that a year-end installation rally is ahead, complete with module shortages. But should we really take these warnings to heart, given that over the past eight to 10 months, supply lines have been flowing just fine? A look at prices shows that everything is still quiet. The price points for all the module technologies have been fluctuating around a support level for months without permanently breaking through it.
There is still ample supply of high-efficiency monocrystalline modules on the market, and mainstream multicrystalline products are finding their way to Europe less and less frequently, but demand does not seem to be much higher than supply. So what is the point of forward-looking planning or even stockpiling? W e should start by taking a brief foray into the inverter market, which is known to be more strictly organized and therefore far less volatile.
Nearly all of the manufacturers lowered their prices in the first half of this year and issued new price lists. SMA and Kostal are increasingly facing pressure from major Chinese suppliers, while other European brands are seeking to join forces with deep-pocketed partners. Owing to the steady increase in demand, especially in the small-plant sector, most units in the mid-range capacity segment, from 6 kW to 25 kW, are now sold out and will not be available again until the end of August, or in some cases, until October.
This has created problems for many installers. New projects have had to be put on hold, while projects that were already underway have been delayed. Dealers with inventories may take advantage of the situation to jack up prices for the most sought-after models.
It is not easy to understand how this bottleneck could have occurred in Europe, as the forecasts for had predicted precisely this development. But storage systems for plants of this size are also in short supply, and long delivery times are simply a fact of life.
At least this component does not depend on a timely grid connection — batteries can be added later. To prevent this predicament from also occurring with PV panels, installers would do well to plan in advance and secure necessary materials for the months ahead early on, whether by stocking up or through long-term contracts. After all, the latest news from China is not the only indication that we will soon be facing an unprecedented year-end rally.
In a recent auction, awards for almost 4, PV plants were handed out, with a total capacity of some At the same time, the projected new capacity installation figure for in China was increased to around 40 GW. But there is a good deal going on in Europe, as well. Italy will also hold its first call for tenders at the end of September for a photovoltaic capacity of some MW. Three more are planned for , but the total volume seems almost laughable next to the scale of the Asian market.
In Europe, installation figures will rise from In addition to Europe, there are also emerging markets in other regions, such as South America, the Middle East and Africa, where at least two to three countries in each region could each achieve a gigawatt-scale increase. Tenders for PV plants and feed-in tariffs for distributed generation continue to be the driving forces behind new PV installations in Europe. But government programs aside, the market for unsubsidized solar projects in countries such as Spain, the United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, Germany and even Denmark, Bulgaria and Greece continues to gain traction.
Spain alone has a project pipeline of an estimated 10 GW, in addition to the 3. The latest royal decree of April 5, , also finally introduced consumer-friendly regulations for private consumption systems.
The surplus energy can now be fed into the grid at a fair rate. According to SolarPower Europe, an additional In terms of its expansion forecast, Spain is therefore once again one of the 15 leading solar PV markets worldwide.
The Netherlands also saw an increase last year, with a total of 1. This year, the Dutch solar market is expected to grow to more than 2 GW, which is considerable given the size of the overall market. In addition, there are still up to 7 GW of approved solar projects slated for implementation within the next three to four years.
By comparison, development in Germany has been downright leisurely. Although many politicians are on a summer break, the climate cabinet and the chancellor have announced a whole series of new legislative measures for September that will affect climate protection. The European PV market also appears to be on summer vacation, especially since the weather and temperatures in many places are making installation on rooftops difficult.
Those who do not want to fall into the same trap as in previous years and be helplessly at the mercy of a supply bottleneck, however, would be well advised to plan the second half of the year in advance.
It is still not too late to go on a shopping spree, negotiate conditions and conclude contracts. By Martin Schachinger, pvXchange. Overview of the price points broken down by technology in July with changes over the previous month as of 19 July :. The current weather on the continent — with humid, stormy heat in the northeast and damp, cold air in the south and southwest — is not exactly the ideal recipe for brisk activity in the PV industry.
On the contrary, following a hectic first quarter, a kind of inertia seems to have taken hold. Project planners and installers are reorienting themselves, assessing what the market will bear and feeling out prices. P rojects in Europe are being developed at a leisurely pace and handled one step at a time. The result is that there are more goods on the market again, which means that some suppliers will have trouble following through with price increases they have already announced.
Module prices are dipping downward again as manufacturers and dealers seek to avoid higher inventories with the end of the first half approaching. Project-based discounts are therefore negotiable these days. Major trade fairs, such as Intersolar Europe in May and SNEC in Shanghai at the beginning of June, have provided insights into current technological developments as well as forecasts for the future direction of the market.
In the meantime, an increasing number of people are announcing impending module bottlenecks and claiming that a veritable run on inexpensive modules is in the offing. We are hearing that in the third quarter the supply of multicrystalline modules, in particular, will be snapped up and that it would be wise to get them now while the getting is good. Some of the tier-1 manufacturers are using this rationale to justify their overall pricing policies; that is, maintenance of previous price levels with an eye to gradual increases of 1 to 2 cents.
At the same time, however, significant volumes of low-cost modules continue to appear on the European market with prices not significantly below, but by no means above, the levels of recent months. In other words, nobody really seems to be paying heed to forecasts that were made at the trade fairs. With regard to China, many analysts are again expecting 30 to 40 GW of new capacity to come online this year.
However, the first half has been relatively restrained, with new installations of less than 10 GW to date, because of the need to wait for important policy decisions and new feed-in tariffs. Many projects which had already been planned were temporarily put on hold.
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